CGI Images

CGI Images.

                               

                       

    

CGI

 CGI

-       They had the idea for the pixar lamp by on day one of the writers was sitting at his table and a lamp was next to him he got an idea so he started to draw some ideas the same week his colleague has a child so he had the idea of making on of the lamps the father then the other lamp the child. He made a little 15 minute show about it, it got so popular that it was made the new face for pixar.

 -       They showed 25 pixar movies because pixar has been up and running for 25 years.

-       There are a lot of famous faces that play the characters in the pixar movies.  

-   The animated characters pixar make are mainly based on the people who play their voices.

- Computer animation or CGI animation is the process used for generating animated images by using computer graphics. 

Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics, although 2D computer graphics are still used for stylistic, and for faster real-time. Sometimes the target of the animation is the computer itself, but sometimes the target is another medium, such as film.

Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to the stop motion techniques used in traditional animation with 3D models and frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations. 

It can allow a single graphic artist to produce such content without the use of actors, expensive set pieces, or props.

To create the illusion of movement, an image is displayed on the computer monitor and repeatedly replaced by a new image that is similar to it, but advanced slightly in time (usually at a rate of 24 or 30 frames/second). This technique is identical to how the illusion of movement is achieved with television and motion pictures.

For 3D animations, objects are built on the computer monitor (modeled) and 3D figures are rigged with a virtual skeleton. For 2D figure animations, separate objects and separate layers are used, with or without a virtual skeleton. Then the limbs, eyes, mouth, clothes of the figure are moved by the animator on key frames. The differences in appearance between key frames are automatically calculated by the computer in a process known as morphing. Finally, the animation is rendered.

For 3D animations, all frames must be rendered after modeling is complete. For 2D animations, the rendering process is the key frame process, while morphing frames are rendered as needed. For pre-recorded presentations, the rendered frames are transferred to a different format or medium such as film or digital video. The frames may also be rendered in real time.

The Disappearance of Haruhi Suzumiya English Dub

The Disappearance of Haruhi Suzumiya.

I really enjoyed this Anime film because it was different and i would have never have thought to  watch it if it wasnt for media, but im glad I did because I really liked watching it and its taught me how Anime is done and made. The whole movie was Anime but was English dubbed. The story follows the a boy called Kyon,  student entering high school, who is dragged along with the character Haruhi Suzumiya who is  a girl Kyon goes to school with. She is an girl woh was supernatural powers such as, she time travelers. She makes with Kyon's a club to investigate mysterious events  which is called the SOS Brigade. Haruhi later recruits three other members, Yuki Nagato, the shy character Mikuru Asahina, and the friendly transfer student Itsuki Koizumi. Haruhi, who is un-known of her own destructive power. The three additional members have been sent by their various organizations to observe Haruhi and prevent these powers from being unleashed, leaving to Kyon the task of maintaining for Haruhi  to make the illusion of a normal life. So the main storyline is he has to find Haruhi Suzumiya to turn time back to the way it should be so that everything could go back to normal. The sort of characters that are in Anime are animated chinese typed cartoons. The director of the film is Tatsuya Ishihara. I think ANIME and Japanese films have influenced UK/US animation films by, it has changed the way we think about Amine and aminated cartoons/films and has made us make all of our animated cartoons and films more realistic and human-like, they way the japanese do in their films. I think ANIME is different to 'western' animation because the way Anime make their cartoons and how delailed they are and also all the different facial over the top facial expressions.

Amine 2

Anime

Digital Animation (CGI)

Digital Animation (CGI)

CGI is the application of computer graphics to create or contribute to images in art, printed media, video games, films, television programs, commercials and stimulators. The visual scenes may be dynamic or static, and may be 2D, though the term "CGI" is most commonly used to refer to 3D computer graphics used for creating scenes or special effects in films and television. They can also be used by a home user and edited together on programs such as Windows Movie Maker or iMovie.

The term computer animation refers to dynamic CGI rendered as a movie. The term virtual world refers to agent-based, interactive environments.

Computer graphics software is used to make computer-generated imagery for movies, ect. Recent availability of CGI software and increased computer speeds have allowed individual artists and small companies to produce professional-grade films, games, and fine art from their home computers. This has brought about an internet subculture with its own set of global celebrities, cliches, and technical vocabulary.

Rotoscoping

Rotoscoping.

Rotoscoping is an animation technique in which animators trace over footage, frame by frame, for use in live-action and animated films. Originally, recorded live-action film images were projected onto a frosted glass panel and re-drawn by an animator. This projection equipment is called a rotoscope, although this device was eventually replaced by computers.

In the visual effects industry, the term rotoscope refers to the technique of manually creating a matte for an element on a live-action plate so it may be composited over another background.

HISTORY.

The technique was invented by Max Fleischer, who used it in the series Out of the inkwell staring around 1915, with his brother Dave Fleischer dressed in a clown outfit as the live-film reference for the character Koko the Clown. Max patented the method in 1917.

Fleischer used rotoscoping in a number of his later cartoons, most notably the Cab Calloway  

dance routines in three Betty Boop cartoons from the early 1930's, the animation of Gulliver in Gulliver's Travels (1939). The Fleischer studio's most effective use of rotoscoping was in their series of action-oriented Superman cartoons, in which Spiderman and other animated figures displayed very realistic movement.

TECHNIQUE.

Rotoscope output can have slight deviations from the true line that defers from frame to frame, which when animated cause the animated line to shake unnaturally or "boil". Avoiding boiling requires considerable skill in the person performing the tracing, though causing "boil" intentionally is a stylistic technique sometimes used to emphasis the surreal quality of rotoscoping, as in the music video "Take on Me" and animated TV series Delta State. 

Puppets

Puppets.

A puppet is an inanimate object or representational figure animated by an entertainer, who is called a puppeteer. It is used in puppetry, which is a very ancient form of theatre.

There are many different varieties of puppets, and they are made of a wide range of materials, depending on their form and intended use. They can be extremely complex or very simple in their construction. 

ORIGINS.
Puppetry was practiced in Ancient Greece and the oldest written records of puppetry can found in the works of Herodotus and Xenophon, dating from the 5th century BC. The Greek word for puppet means "drawn by strings, string-pulling".

Pixilation

Pixilation.

Pixilation is a stop motion technique were live actors are used as a frame-by-frame subject in an animated film, by repeatedly posing while one or more frame is taken and changing pose slightly before the next frame or frames. The actor becomes a kind of living stop motion puppet. This technique is often used as a way to blend live actors with animated ones in a movie, such as in The Secret Adventures of Tom Thumb by the Bolex Brothers.

An early example of this technique is El hotel eletrico which was made in 1908.

Claymation

Claymation.

Claymation is one of the many forms of stop motion animation. Each animation piece, either character or background, is "deformable"- made of a malleable substance, usually plasticine clay.

TECHNIQUE.

All traditional animation is produced in a similar fashion, whether done through cel animation or stop motion. Each frame, or still picture, is recorded on film or digital media and then played back in rapid succession. When played back at a frame rate greater than 10-12 frames per second, a fairly convincing illusion of continuous motion is achieved. While the playback feature creating an illusion is true of all moving images, the techniques involved in creating CGI are generally removed from a frame-by-frame process.

Stop Motion

Stop Motion

Stop Motion is an animation technique to make a physically manipulated object appear to move on its own. The object is moved in small increments between individually photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is played as continuous sequence. Dolls with movable joints or clay figures are often used is stop motion for their ease of repositioning. Stop motion animation using plasticine is called clay animation or clay-mation. Not all stop motion requires figures or models; many stop motion films can involve using humans, household appliances and other things for comedic effect. Stop motion using objects is sometimes referred to as object animation.

Drawn on film-Cel Animation-Painting on Film

Drawn on film-Cel Animation-Painting on Film.

CELL

A cell, short for cellulose, is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painting for traditional, hand-drawn animation. Actual celluloid was used during the first half of the 20th century, but since it was flammable and dimensionally unstable it was largely replaced by celluloid acetate. With the advent the computer assisted animation production, the use of cels has been practically abandoned in major productions. Disney studios stopped using cels in 1990 when Computer Animation Production System replaced this element in their animation process.

TECHNIQUE

Generally, the character are drawn on cels and laid over a static background drawing. This reduced the number of times an image has to be redrawn and enables studios to split up the production process to different specialised teams. Using the assembly line way to animate has made it possible to produce films much more cost-effectively. The invention of the technique is generally attributed to Earl Hurd, who patented the precess in 1914. The outline of the images are drawn on the front of the cel while colours are painted on the back to eliminate brushstrokes. Traditionally, the outlines were hand-inked but since the 1960's they are almost exclusively xerographed on. Another important breakthrough in cel animation was the development of the Animation Photo Transfer Process, first seen in The Black Cauldron, released in 1985.

Hanna Barbera.

Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc. was an American animation studio that dominated American television animation for nearly three decades in the mid-to-late 20th century.

The company was originally formed in 1957 by former Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) animation directors William Hanna and Joseph Barbera (creators of Tom and Jerry) and live-action director George Sidney in partnership with Columbia Pictures' Screen Gems television division. Over the next four decades, the studio produced many successful animated television shows, including Huckleberry Hound, The Flintstones, Yogi Bear, Jonny Quest, Scooby-Doo, and The Smurfs amoung others.

The studio also produced several theatrical films, short subjects, telefims, specials and commercials, earning Hanna-Barbera eight Emmys, a Golden Globe Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, among other merits. In the mid 1980's, the company's fortunes began to decline the profitability of Saturday morning cartoons was eclipsed by weekday afternoon syndication. In late 1991, the company was purchased by Turner Broadcasting System, who used much of the H-B back catalog program its new channel, Cartoon Network. Both Hanna and Barbera went into semi-retirement after Turner purchased the company, continuing to serve as mentors and creative consultants.

During the mid-1990's, Hanna-Barbera began producing original programming for Cartoon Network, including Cartoon Cartoons shows such as Dexter's Laboratory, Johnny Bravo, Cow and Chicken and Powerpuff Girls. In 1996, Turner merged with Time Warner, and Hanna-Barbera became a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Animation. With William Hanna's death in 2001, the studio was absorbed into its parent, and the spinoff Cartoon Network Studios continued the projects of Cartoon Network output. Joseph Barbera continued to work with Warner Bros. Animation until his death in 2006.

Hanna-Barbera Productions currently exists as an in-name-only company used to market properties and  productions associated with the studio's "classic" works such as Yogi Bear, Scooby-Doo and Huckleberry Hound. The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences unveiled a bronze wall sculpture of Hanna and Barbera and their creations in 2005 honouring the duo's work in television and film.

Fred Quimby

Fred Quimby (Tom and Jerry)

Fred Quimby born on Saturday 31st of July 1886 and died Thursday 16th of September 1965  was an American cartoon producer, best known as producer of Tom and Jerry cartoons, for which he won seven Academy Awards. He was the film sales executive in charge of the Metro-Godwyn-Mayer cartoon studio, which included Tex Avery and the team of William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, creators of Tom and Jerry.

Fred Quimby was born in Minneapolis, and started his career as a journalist. In 1907, he managed a film theatre in Missoula, Montana. Later, he worked at Pathe, rising to become a member of the board of directors before leaving in 1921 to become an independent producer. He was hired by the 20th centery fox in 1924 and then MGM in 1927 to head its short features department. In 1937, he was assigned to put together its animation department.

In 1939, William Hanna and Joseph Barbera presented him with their project for a series of cartoons featuring a cat and mouse. Fred Quimby approved, and the result was Puss Gets the Boot, which was nominated for an Academy Award. Initially he refused to pursue more Cat and Mouse cartoons after Puss Gets the Boot but success and money earnings that were from the cartoon he agreed to make Tom and Jerry and official cartoon for the MGM cartoon studio. As producer, Fred Quimby became a repeated recipient of the Academy Award for Animated Short Film for the Tom and Jerry films without inviting Hanna and Barbera onstage and his name became well known due to its prominence in the cartoon credits. Even though Fred Quimby had taken sole credit for approving and producing The Tom and Jerry series, he never actually worked on it. Besides Fred Quimby had a difficult relationship with animators even Hanna and Barbera. 

Fred Quimby retired from MGM in 1955, with Hanna and Barbera assuming his role as co-heads of the studio and taking over the production from the Tom and Jerry shorts. Despite the success of Hanna and Barbera MGM assumed that bringing in old cartoons got more money and MGM's cartoon division did not last long after; it was closed in 1957 but MGM still loved the Tom and Jerry shorts and saved the contracts for producing the shows even later allowing legendary animator Chuck Jones make a new series of Tom and Jerry, despite that Chuck Jones never worked for MGM. Fred Quimby died in Santa Monica, California in 1965 and was buried in Glendale.

Chuck Jones

Chuck Jones.

Chuck Jones born on September 21st 1912 and died on February 22nd 2002, was an animator, cartoon artist, screenwriter, producer and director of animated films, most memorably for Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts for the Warner Bros. Cartoon studio. He directed many of the classic short animated cartoon's starting Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, the Road runner and Wile E. Coyote, Sylvester, Pepe Le Pew and a slew of other Warner characters. Three of these shorts were later induced into the National Film Registry. Chief among  Jones' other works was the famous "Hunting Trilogy" of Rabbit fire, Rabbit seasoning and Duck! Rabbit Duck! (1951-1953).

After his career ended at the Warner Bros. in 1962 he began to work for Metro-Godwyn-Mayer including a new series of Tom and Jerry shorts. He later started his own studio, Chuck Jones Productions, which created several one-shot specials, and periodically worked on Looney Tunes related works.

In Chuck Jones's time his produced many films and animated cartoon's the most famous ones were:

Tom and Jerry
Bugs Bunny
Daffy Duck and many more.

Through the 1980's and 1990's, Chuck Jones was painting cartoon and parody art, sold through animation galleries by his daughters company, Linda Jones Enterprises. Chuck Jones was the creative consultant and character designer for two Raggedy Ann animated specials and the first alvin and the chipmunks Christmas special "a chipmunk Christmas". He also created new characters for the internet based on his new character, Thomas Timberwolf   . He made a cameo appearance in the 1984 films Gremlins and directed the Buggy Bunny/Daffy Duck animated sequences that bookend Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990). Chuck Jones also directed animated sequences various features such as a lengthy sequence in the 1992 film Stay Tuned. 

Tex Avery

Tex Avery.

Tex Avery was born on February 26th 1908 and died on August 26 1980 aged 72. He was an American animator, cartoonist, voice actor and director, famous for producing animated cartoons during The Golden age of Hollywood animation. He did his most significant work for the Warner Bros. and the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios, creating the characters of Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Droopy, Screwy Squirrel, and developing Porky Pig, Chilly Willy into the personas for which they were remembered.

Most of the characters Tex Avery made and helped to improve are till around on childrens tv all around the world still today for example:

Bugs Bunny

Daffy Duck

Porky Pig 

Those are only some of the character that are still around today there are many more.

Creation of the looney tunes stars.

Tex Avery, with the assistance of Clampett, Jones and new associate director Frank Tashlin, laid the foundation for a style of animation that dethroned The Walt Disney Studio as the kings of animated short films, and created a legion of cartoon stars whose names still shine around the world today. Tex Avery in particular was deeply involved; a perfectionist. Tex Avery constantly crafted gags for the short, periodically provided voices for them (including his trade mark belly laugh), and held such control over the timing of the shorts that he would add or cut frames out of the final negative if he felt the gag's timing was not quite right.

Daffy Duck 
Porky's duck hunt introduced the character Daffy Duck, who possessed a new form of "lunacy" that had not been seen before in animated cartooon's. Daffy was almost completely out of control. Who frequently bounced around the film frame in double-speed, screaming "Hoo-hoo hop-hoo" in a high pitched, sped-up voice provided by veteran Warners voice artist Mel Blac who, with his cartoon, also took over providing the voice for Porky Pig.

Disney talks about Fantasia and early animation.

Question's and answer's.

1. What does Walt Disney say an animation feature could do after 1938.

That the audience have sustained interest with the animated cartoons.

2. What does he say is the primary purpose of animation?

To have a response and an emotional effect on the audience.

3. What does he say combine to create this effect?

Retain a fragile character in most sketches most were made in pastels and chalk.

4. Explain how they made the film images using paintbrushes. What effects were created.

To create the nut cracker frame he used the dry brush effect to make it look like the frame had a chalk like effect to it and to make it look more realistic.

5. He later says that the drawings and art are only half of a successful animation-what does he say is the other half?

Rotoscope

Rotoscope.

Rotoscoping is an animation technique in which animators trace over footage, frame by frame, for use in live-action and animated films. Originally, recorded live-action film images were projected onto a frosted glass panel and re-drawn by an animator. This projection equipment is called a rotoscope, although this device was eventually replaced by computers.

In the visual effects industry, the term rotoscoping refers to the technique of manually creating a matte for an element on a live-action plate so it may be composited over another back ground.

The technique was invented by Max Fleischer, who used it in his series Out of the inkwell starting around 1915, with his brother Dave Fliischer dressed in a clown outfit as the live-film referenced for the       

character Koko the clown. Max patented the method in 1917.

Max Fleischer used rotoscoping in a number of his later cartoons, most notably the Cab Calloway dance routines in three Betty Boop from the early 1930's, and the animation of Gulliver in Gulliver's Travels (1939). The Fleischer's studio's most effective use of rotoscoping was in their series of action-oriented Superman cartoons, in which Superman and the other animated figures displayed very realistic movement.

The art if rotoscoping has been used in various famous films like:

Snow white and the seven dwarfs (1937)

Princess iron fan (1941) which was china's first animated film.

Yellow Submarine (which was the beatles animated film)

The night before christmas

And more resent films:

Wizards (1977)

The lord of the rings (1978)

American pop (1981)

Fire and ice (1983)

Heavy metal (1981)

What have we learnt, charlie brown(1983)

Take on me (1985)

The sun always shines on tv (1985)

Train of thought (1986)

Sita sings the blues (2008)

And many more.

Thaumatrope

Thaumatrope

A Thaumatrope was a popular toy in the victorian times. A disc or card with a picture on each side is attached to two pieces of string. When the strings are twirled quickly between the fingers the two pictures appear to combine 

Praxinoscope

Praxinoscope

The Praxinoscope was a animation device, the successor of the Zoetrope. It was invented in France in 1877 by Charles-Emile Reynaud. Like the Zoetrope it was a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder. The Praxinoscope improved the Zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors, placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared more or less stationary in position as the wheel turned. Someone looking in the mirrors would therefore see a rapid succession of images producing the illusion of motion, with a brighter and less distorted picture than the Zoetrope offered.

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Kinetoscope.

The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device. The Kinetoscope was designed for films to be viewed by one individual at a time through a peephole viewer window at the top of the device. The Kinetoscope was not a movie projector but introduced the basic approach that would become the standard for all cinematic projection before the advert of video, by creating the illusion of movement by conveying a strip of perforated film bearing sequential images over a light source with a high-speed shutter. First described in conceptual terms by U.S. inventor Thomas Edison in 1888, it was largely developed by his employee William Kennedy Laurie Dickson between 1889 and 1892. Dickson and his team at the Edison lab also devised the Kinetograph, an innovative motion picture camera with rapid intermitted, or stop-and-go, film movement, to photograph movies for in-house experiments and, commercial Kinetoscope presentations.

Kinematoscope.

The Kinematoscope also known as the Motoscope was created in 1861, it was created by Thomas Edison.

Phenakistoscope.

JOSEPH PLATEAU 1832.

History:

In 1832, Belgian physicist Joseph Plateau and his sons introduced the phenakistoscope (spindle viewer). It was also invented independently in the same year by Simon von Stampfer of Vienna, Austria, who called his invention a stroboscope. Plateau’s inspiration had come primarily from the work of Michael Faraday and Peter Mark Roget (the compiler of Roger’s Thesaurus). Faraday had invented a device he called “Michael Faraday’s Wheel”, that consisted of two discs that spun in opposite directions from each other. From this, Plateau took another step, adapting Faraday’s wheel into a toy he later named the Phenkistoscope.

How it works:

The phenakistoscope uses the persistence of motion principle to create an illusion of motion. Although this principle had been recognized by the Greek mathematician Euclid and later in experiments by Newton, it was not until 1829 that this principle became firmly established by Joseph Plateau.

Zoetrope.

WILLIAM HORNER 1834

History:

The Zoetrope was invented in 1834 in England by William Horner. He called it the ‘Daedalum’ (‘the wheel of the devil’). It didn’t become popular until the 1860s,when it was patented by makers in both England and America. The American developer, William F. Lincoln, named this toy the ‘zoetrope’, which means ‘wheel of life’.

How it works:

The zoetrope worked on the same principles as the phenakistiscope, but the pictures were drawn on a strip which could be set around the bottom third of a metal drum, with the slits now cut in the upper section of the drum. The drum was mounted on a spindle so that it could be spun, and viewers looking through the slits would see the cartoon strip form a moving image. The faster the drum is spun, the smother the image that is produced.